Optimizing the performance of membrane bioreactors critical relies on a multifaceted approach encompassing various operational and design parameters. Several strategies can be utilized to enhance biomass removal, nutrient uptake, and overall system efficiency. One key aspect involves meticulous cont

PVDF membrane bioreactors show promise as a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment. This study delves into the performance of these systems by assessing key factors, such as flux decline. Several studies have shown that PVDF membranes provide high resistance to fouling, resulting in improved

Nanobubbles are emerging as a groundbreaking solution in the agricultural sector. These tiny gas bubbles, measuring just nanometers in diameter, possess unique properties that boost plant growth and crop yields. By introducing nanobubbles into irrigation systems or soil amendments, farmers can ampli